[FIX] web: keep new widget el in ComponentAdapter

Before this commit, when sub widget replaced its el, the ComponentAdapter
parent kept the previous el.
This caused some issues as in the ActivityRecordAdapter which lost its
event listeners when re-rendered.

This commit forces the ComponentAdapter to keep the new sub widget el
after being patched.

task id: 2360021

closes odoo/odoo#60517

X-original-commit: 393b5fd4cfba254ad054a526996e82922f9057e2
Signed-off-by: Aaron Bohy (aab) <aab@odoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Michaël Mattiello <mcm-odoo@users.noreply.github.com>