[FIX] base: allow fetching property field definition on unacessible parent record

When the user creates a new record having a property field, the system
fetches the property definition of the parent record to retrieve the
field's default values (see: `_add_default_values`). If the user lacks
read access on the parent record, the user gets an access error when
retrieving the property definition of the parent record.

To prevent this error, we will perform a sudo call on the parent record
before reading the property definition of the parent record. This allow
the user to create a new record, even if they do not have access to the
parent record.

task-3594814

closes odoo/odoo#146265

Signed-off-by: Warnon Aurélien (awa) <awa@odoo.com>