[FIX] web: guardedCatch on IE Edge async return

In IE Edge async and await are supported, but guardedCatch is added to
polyfilled MyPromise object and async methods return original Promise so
depending of chain guardedCatch can cause en error or not.

It seems that historically, the MyPromise patching has also had issue in
firefox with it sometimes working or not.

In this changeset we completely remove it (which will have the drawback
of more error shown in console in firefox).

opw-1964486
opw-2116839
closes #39953

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Lempereur (nle) <nle@odoo.com>