[FIX] stock: ignore locations without storage category

On a putaway rule, the "Having Category" condition is not always
respected.

To reproduce the issue:
1. In Settings, enable:
   - Storage Locations
   - Storage Categories
2. Create a Storage Category SC:
3. Create two locations L1, L2:
   - Parent: WH/Stock
   - Type: Internal
   - L2 only:
     - Storage Category: SC
4. Create a putaway rule:
   - When in: WH/Stock
   - Store to: WH/Stock
   - Having Category: SC
5. Create one storable product
6. Update its on hand quantity:
   - 1 product at L1
7. Create a planned receipt R for one product
8. Mark the receipt as Todo
9. Click on 'Set Quantities'
10. Open the detailed operations

Error: The destination location is L1. The putaway rule has been
applied without the storage category constraint: the destination
location should be L2

When applying the putaway rules, we first check if one of the
relevant locations already contains that product. And, if it's the
case, we use that location as destination location. However, we
don't filter out the locations without the correct storage category.
This explains why L1 is found and used.

OPW-3437174

closes odoo/odoo#130679

Signed-off-by: Arnold Moyaux (arm) <arm@odoo.com>