[FIX] base: propagate changes on implied groups update

Steps to reproduce:

1. Add a stored computed field on `res.users` that depends on `groups_id`
2. Add a constraint on `res.users` that depends on `groups_id`
3. Give the user a group
4. Modify the given group and add an implied group

Result:

- The computed field is not recomputed
- The constraint is not checked

The reason for this is that the users groups are updated with a raw SQL query,
and the ORM is not aware of the changes.

This is a regression since 5f12e244. This issue was partially detected and fixed
in 459e6dc1, but only for a single constraint.

This commit makes sure that the ORM properly propagates the changes to computed
fields and all constraints, not just the one that was explicitly checked.

closes odoo/odoo#177301

Signed-off-by: Raphael Collet <rco@odoo.com>