[FIX] core: fix cached translations

before this commit:
translations updated by `update_field_translation` api cannot be detected by
t-cache and some cached data whose model overrides `write` with an extra
'clear_caches()'

Step to reproduce:
- Create a mega menu, select any template, `Odoo Menu` for the example
- Install another language on the website
- Go to the translated version of your website and enter translate mode
- Change "Camera" in the mega menu to something else
- Save

The change won't be replicated, looking like it did nothing.
From there, removing or adding `edit_translations=1` in the URL will
use different cache version of the page's views and you will see the
outdated value on one and the correct on the other one.

after this commit:
`update_field_translation` will call `write`
it does the following 4 important things
1. mark field as modified
2. execute logics in the override `write` method
3. update write_date if needed to support t-cache

opw-3305117

Part-of: odoo/odoo#124402