[REV] core: handle recursion error when resolving stored fields

This reverts commit 9e710945.

Why?
- It is useless in 16.0, the bug it claims to fix should not exist. In the
commit explanation the sentence 'this calls `_read`, which flushes the
field we're trying to read' is wrong, since
https://github.com/odoo/odoo/pull/66938 (merged in 15.5). (It is still true
for fields that are in an ir.rule, but it sounds very unlikely to have
a recursive field in ir.rule that causes trigger the problem)
- It creates worst errors (infinite loop for recursive field computation on
missing record - Next commit).
- Also, it looks like a dangerous fix that can hide or trigger new
issues.

Part-of: odoo/odoo#121355