[FIX] *: replace uses of `except_osv` with `UserError` that have been forgotten during previous forward-ports

Give the same as access rights to the employee as for the public user.
This patch is needed to allow a user to access the partner form.
Same for portal.
The list of grades in not a confidential information.

Fixes #7719

When the admin creates a SO, he has access to all taxes (since ir.rules
do not apply to him); therefore in some cases, the SO could be created
with SO lines that have taxes from other companies. This usually does
not make sense.

From this revision on, only taxes that are in the same company as the
SO are applied to the lines. If no company is set, then no filtering
is done.

This is a fix for f04f4099, which only
prevented the workers from being spawned in Prefork mode, while the
socket was still being bound to - this is a problem when starting a
worker-only server as it cannot coexist with the XMLRPC server on the
same machine.

Closes #1828

Closes #9521

Closes #12182

Could get a definition with a model only

UserError was defined in version 9, not 8

When merging leads with a company set different
than the current user company,
it failed because the notification email (the message
written in the thread summarizing the merge) couldn't
read the company name (the `name_get` call on the company)
because of the multi-company record rule.

`name_get` can be safely called as `sudo`, as it does
nothing else than returning the name of the record. This is
already done for the many2one links in the web client anyway
(You can see leads from a company different than yours,
you can see the company name to which the leads belongs to,
but you can't click on the company many2one link)

opw-677986

When sending a notification email to an event attendee
for an all day event, the timezone must be ignored
as the `start` and `stop` datetime are stored as
the day date + '00:00:00'. If the timezone is applied,
for users being in a negative timezone (such as an American
timezone), the day displayed would be the day just before.

opw-677019

When a user wrote a wrong value in char_domain field it should raise a warning
message instead of a traceback.

Backport of b3a88b6e

opw:676783

c8732bea did not take into account that
we don't have specific callbacks for weight or price type
barcodes. Those where handled by the product callback.

opw-678556

For a type 'in_refund', the supplier account invoice form must be
taken.

opw:678498

Prevent selecting wrong field or models or computed fields

Fixes #8545

When computing the real price of a product, a currency of reference is
needed, first the currency of the product's company is privileged and
if no company is set on the product then the currency of the user's company
is taken.

opw:678159

1/ Display a button for the project_user to come back in backend and
   edit the issue if they want

When a user has the access rights "Configuration" or "Access Rights"
regarding the "Administration" module category, the click on the
"Settings" menu leads to an access error.

This is because the dashboard fetches data about the number of installed
modules ("installed_apps"), which requires access to "ir.module.module".
Since it is not easily possible to hide a parts of the dashboard (the
static templates do not recognize the "groups" attribute), we simply
hide the dashboard for these users.

opw-678531

[FIX] account: don't write the foreign currency on writeoff when several secondary currencies are involved

Quants are created, and stock moves are updated, with the purchase
value converted at current rates.  However, the product average
was calculated before that value was retrieved.  This ensures
the correct value is retrieved for the average cost calculation
and will match the actual quants.

Fixes #12163
Closes #12164
opw-678511

It is not possible to edit the start_date, end_date, start_datetime,
end_datetime and duration for a recurrent event due to the raesons
explained in https://github.com/odoo/odoo/issues/10278 or see
opw:665700

opw:677139

The get_recursive_parent function seemingly depended on the ordering of
the rule_categories recordset which happens to work fine in most cases
because all data first defines the parent before defining the children
rule categories. But if you happen to do it the other way around it
won't work and it will infinitely call itself because:

if rule_categories[0].parent_id:
    rule_categories = rule_categories[0].parent_id | rule_categories

won't change the value of rule_categories[0].

opw-673222 (loosely related)

The fiscal year start date should be taken into account when calculating
the depreciation amount in case of prorata temporis.

opw-678072

On the font-end view of project.issue, only the messages of type `note` were
display. This excluded the messages recieved via email which makes hard to
understand a conversation (e.g. a customer does not sees his own answers).

Instead, only filter out the notifications (change of states, responsible...)

opw-677426

Currently on mobile, the livechat window would take all the viewport of
a small screen mobile browser. This combined with the "auto open"
feature can be desorienting: users could have only seen the "hello, how
may I help you ?" window and not know what to do or what is happening.

So this commit remove the "auto open" feature if user is on a too small
device (the user would thus have to click on "Have a Question").

closes #12148
opw-678012

[FIX] account: fix error in aged partner balance, variable at_least_one_amount referenced before assignment

When counting the number of issues for a customer, all the the contacts
of this customer must be taken into account.

opw:676985

Used case:

-Create several customer invoices and validate them
-Register a payment without any partner_id and in a bank statement for an amount
a bit lower than the total of the invoice (the difference is the paypal fees)
-Reconcile the invoices with the payment and create a write-off for the paypal fees
-When you close the bank statement, check the journal items, the paypal fees are
automatically assigned with a partner.

Fix:

-When creating the account move line for the fee, if all the account move lines
linked to the move are for different partners then you cannot determine the partner
of the fee.

opw:674822

The bank account linked to a journal cannot be systematicaly deleted
with its journal because this bank account can be linked to several
journals.

opw:676374